Most glass cookware is also made of borosilicate glass, which does not expand or contract as much as normal glass. Besides borosilicate, glass cookware in Singapore is made from tempered soda-lime glass or a glass-ceramic mix — also designed to withstand temperature changes. Micro-cracks — so small they are invisible to the naked eye — can spread over time in glass panels too.
Over the past decade, at least exterior glass panels at residential and commercial developments were reported to have shattered. That does not even include shower glass panels. Glass installers Talking Point spoke to estimate that 50 per cent of glass breakages are due to improper handling and installation. This includes installing glass pieces that are the wrong size for the supporting frame and being careless during the transfer and installation process.
When a panel is fitted into its metal frame, the edges are permanently cushioned by setting blocks to prevent them from rubbing against the metal, otherwise constant friction would chip the edges. According to Tay, there is no way, however, for customers to check whether a glass panel is properly installed.
Both glass kitchenware and glass panels can be made of tempered glass, classified as safety glass because it breaks into small pieces with rounded edges and thus is less likely to injure people when broken. It points to why Lim escaped with a nick on his finger and a tiny hole in his shorts.
If his pot were made of normal glass, it would have broken into pieces with sharp edges. This softens the glass. Cold air is then blasted to cool the outside of the glass faster than the inside, thereby compressing the surface and creating tension within. The glass becomes four to five times stronger than regular glass, and its breakage pattern changes. Yet, from , authorities tightened regulations for the use of tempered glass for safety barriers and at heights of 2.
Nickel sulphide affects only tempered glass, unfortunately. The process of tempering causes the nickel sulphide to be unsafe. If the impurity is present, it will be trapped as the glass is rapidly cooled.
Over time, the nickel sulphide can expand and form micro-cracks, which can cause the glass to shatter without warning. Singapore Safety Glass is able to test its products for nickel sulphide, said Chua. But it cannot monitor poor handling, either during transport or installation, in the same way. There is, however, an alternative to tempered glass: Laminated glass, which is formed by bonding two pieces of glass with a piece of plastic, known as polyvinyl butyral, in the middle.
If one piece of the glass shatters, the other piece can hold the whole set in place, preventing it from falling and injuring people. National Safety Council of Singapore deputy president Fong Kim Choy recommends laminated glass for use as shower panels and doors. But it costs about twice as much as tempered glass. The reason nickel sulfide causes shattering of glass is that the metal will expand and contract at a different rate than the surrounding glass.
This leads to violent, spontaneous shattering of tempered glass without any warning. Put differently, 1 in every panes of glass in your building could just randomly shatter. First, buy your windows from a quality window company. The glass and its installation will be of higher quality. The real guarantee here is in preventing the dangers caused by broken glass. Install exterior window safety film to hold your glass together if it ever breaks. This film encapsulates your glass so if it does shatter, the pieces stay put.
Commonly used to prevent burglaries, break-ins, and bomb blast shrapnel; security window films also help with spontaneous breakage. The week of writing this post, we are working with two clients who have spontaneous glass breakage and are installing exterior safety film as a solution. The presence of NiS inclusions has been estimated to be 1 in every glass panels, with a fracture rate of 0. Failure has occurred most frequently years after installation, and none appear to happen beyond 30 years' time Karlsson Heat-soaking has been introduced as a measure to initiate or accelerate phase change in NiS inclusions, causing the glass to break before shipping.
Although manufacturers offer it, it is not a guarantee that spontaneous breakage will not occur, and it can reduce profits by destroying glass that may not have broken after installation. In architectural uses, the risk of unexpected shattering has caused the building industries to reevaluate how the public is exposed to tempered glass. The most danger is caused by tempered glass overhead or in public areas.
Many high-rise buildings use tempered glass, and greater scrutiny has been placed on safety measures to prevent pieces of glass from falling after breakage. The addition of safety window film has been recommended, and some building codes have been changed to require laminated or heat-soaked tempered glass in areas of risk. Bradt, R. Karlsson, S. Konrad, K. Wilson, W. Nugent, and F. Jester ed. ISBN Napier and Blakely. Rupert, Michael L. ISSN Swain M. Tempered glass. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston.
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