It is also a non-breeding hotspot for Great Skua from colonies in Iceland and Norway Magnusdottir et al. Feature conditions and future outlook of the area The area includes all the current NAFO closures to protect corals and sponges and the international fishery grounds for Greenland halibut. The boundaries of the current closures will be reviewed at a later date in NAFO Some of the areas inside the area described, mainly on rough bottoms, including within canyons, steep flanks and below m depth, have likely been little fished or affected by any other human activity NAFO Oil and gas activities could include disturbance and injury of mammals and seabirds by anthropogenic noise Coxet al.
Exploration and development activities can impact VME indicator taxa when they overlap in the slope areas such as the Flemish Pass. Feature description of the area. Related countries. Is this marine areas beyond national jurisdiction? References References Althaus, F. Impacts of bot tom t rawling on deep-coral ecosystems of seamounts are long-last ing. Marine Ecology Progress Series, — An evaluat ion of spongeassociated amphipods from the Antarct ic Peninsula. Antarct ic Science Andersen, J.
Investigating annual diving behaviour by hooded seals Cystophora cristata within the Northwest At lantic Ocean. Polar Biol. Andrews, A. Age, growth and radiomet ric age validat ion of a deep-sea, habitat -forming gorgonian Primnoa resedaeformis from the Gulf of Alaska. Hydrobiologia, — The influence of hexactinellid sponge Pheronema carpenteri spicules on the patchy dist ribut ion of macrobenthos in the Porcupine Seabight bathyal NE At lant ic.
Ophelia Buhl-Mortensen, L. Dist ribut ion and diversity of species associated with deep-sea gorgonian corals off At lantic Canada. In Cold-water Corals and Ecosystems, pp. Freiwald, and J. Springer, Berlin. Biological st ructures as a source of habitat heterogeneity and biodiversity on the deep ocean margins.
Mar Ecol Campanis, G. The Geographical dist ribut ion of the high-seas commercial Greenland halibut fishery in the Northwest At lant ic. Eastern Newfoundland SEA. Draft Report. Variability of the st ratification and circulat ion on the Flemish Cap during the decades of the s—s. Journal of Northwest At lantic Fishery Science, — Journal of Cetacean Research and Management 7 3 : J Phys Oceanogr Dawe, E. Predominance of squid Gonatus spp.
Res, DFO Etnoyer, P. A catshark nursery in a deep gorgonian field in the Mississippi Canyon, Gulf of Mexico. Bulletin of Marine Science, — FAO, Rome. Fort , J. Mult icolony t racking reveals potential threats to lit t le auks wintering in the North At lantic from marine pollution and shrinking sea ice cover.
Diversity and Distributions, 19 10 : Freese JL. Trawl-induced damage to sponges observed from a research submersible. Marine Fisheries Review Juvenile red rockfish, Sebastes sp. Gil, J. Geost rophic circulation and heat flux across the Flemish Cap, — Journal of Northwest Atlantic Fishery Science, 61— Hall-Spencer, J.
Trawling damage to Northeast At lantic ancient coral reefs. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, B, — Hammill, M. Est imated prey consumpt ion by harp seals Phoca groenlandica , hooded seals Cystophora cristata , grey seals Halichoerus grypus and harbour seals Phoca vitulina in At lant ic Canada. Healey, B. N, 26 pp. Damage and disturbance to coral and sponge habitat of the Aleut ian Archipelago. Marine Ecology Progress Series Role of physical refugia: Implicat ions from a mass sponge die-off in a lobster nursery in Florida.
Marine and Freshwater Research Hoppe WF. Growth, regeneration and predation in three species of large coral reef sponges. Jones JB. Environmental impact of t rawling on the seabed: A review. Kenchington, E. Murillo, A. Cogswell, and C. Liret te. Development of encounter protocols and assessment of significant adverse impact by bot tom t rawling for sponge grounds and sea pen fields in the NAFO Regulatory Area. N, 51 pp. Klitgaard AB. The fauna associated with outer shelf and upper slope sponges Porifera, Demospongiae at the Faroe Islands, Northeastern At lant ic.
Sarsia Dist ribut ion and species composit ion of mass occurrences of large-sized sponges in the northeast At lant ic. Progress in Oceanography Knudby, A. N, 17 pp. Koslow, J. Seamount benthic macrofauna off southern Tasmania: community st ructure and impacts of t rawling. Krieger, K. Coral Primnoa impacted by fishing gear in the Gulf of Alaska. Willison, J. Hall, S. Gass, E. Kenchington, M. But ler, and P. Kulka, D. Recovery st rategy for northern wolffish Anarhichas denticulatus and spot ted wolffish Anarhichas minor , and management plan for At lant ic wolffish Anarhichas lupus in Canada.
Lawson, J. Hexactinellid sponge ecology: Growth rates and seasonality in deep water sponges. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology Magnusdot t ir, E. American Fisheries Society Symposium, — Murillo, F. N, 19 pp. Glass sponges off the Newfoundland northwest At lant ic , descript ion of a new species of Dictyaulus Porifera: Hexact inellida: Euplectellidae.
The mixing of the warmer and colder waters over the plateau produces the characteristic clockwise circulation current over the cap.
The 58,square-kilometre area may have served as an important refuge for marine species during the last ice age. The Flemish Cap lies outside Canada 's nautical mile km Exclusive Economic Zone established in , and is therefore in international fishing waters. Overfishing has become a serious issue in recent years. Cod and American plaice are particularly endangered here and the numbers of redfish have shown a significant decline. In recent years, Canada had made an effort to prevent overfishing in the region by use of provisions of the Coastal Fisheries Protection Act and the United Nations Fish Stocks Agreement.
The origin of the Flemish Cap's name is unclear. It arguably refers to Flemish fishermen venturing out this far west in the nineteenth century. Swordfish were their primary catch. Government of Canada. Retrieved on May 1, Fishing industry by region. Alaskan king crabs Alaskan salmon Peruvian anchoveta.
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