By far, water is known to be the most common agent. Prolonged exposure to water causes the metallic ions to readily bond with the oxygen present in water. This in turn leads to the formation of iron oxides on the surface. It makes the material weak by forming a red crust due to the presence of iron oxide. Rusting is a type of corrosion and thus it has a specific range of materials to affect. Chlorine water is proved to cause rusting at a faster rate.
Along with the formation of oxides, the chlorine ion bonds with the saltwater. If not treated immediately, the destruction happens at quite a faster rate. Corrosion affects a wide range of materials since it includes both metallic and non-metallic substances.
It eventually results in the formation of metallic oxides or salt of the respective material. Every substance has different kinds of elements in it. Thus their resistance varies too. Some of them might be resistant to corrosion while others can be prone to it. It is evident in all things especially in living things.
Take man, for example. He exists the moment he is conceived by his mother, and then he is born into the world and grows into a child, a teenager, and an adult. After some time he will grow old, and his body functions will disintegrate. In time, his body will no longer be able to carry on and he will die. Just like living things, even non-living materials disintegrate in time.
This may be caused by chemical reactions or by natural reactions to the elements in the environment. Rust and corrosion are two processes that cause the disintegration of materials. Corrosion is the chemical or electrochemical reaction that causes an engineered material to disintegrate as a reaction to its surroundings. Metals are the usual materials that undergo corrosion. It is a gradual process with the elements eating away at the materials making it deteriorate and break up because of the oxidation of the metals as a chemical reaction to an oxidant, usually oxygen.
While it is common in metals, it can also happen to other materials such as ceramics and polymers, but it is called by another name which is degradation. Exposed materials are prone to corrosion, and they can be just a crack in a small area, or they can be concentrated in a larger part. The discoloration of painted materials, when paints fade due to neglect, is an example of corrosion.
While corrosion and rust are both a result of oxidation reactions where an element combines with oxygen , there are differences between the two. Corrosion impacts a wide range of objects, while rust only impacts iron and its alloys, such as steel.
Therefore, rust is a form of corrosion, although it specifically refers to oxidation of metals containing iron. Corrosion is the process by which certain materials, metals and non-metals, deteriorate as a result of oxidation. Corrosion can occur on materials such as ceramics or polymers.
Corrosion can also take place on nonmetal surfaces such as table tops and skin. When some corrosive chemicals are dropped on these surfaces, deterioration of that surface may occur. Chemicals that cause corrosion are known as corrosive chemicals.
These chemicals can cause visible destruction of surfaces that are permanent damages. The surface can be skin, eye, wood, metals, etc.
Figure 1: Chemicals should be handled with care. Rusting is the red or orange coating that forms on the surface of iron when exposed to air and moisture. It is a type of corrosion. This is caused by the chemical reaction between the metal surface and the moisture and oxygen in the air. The most common substances that undergo rusting are iron and steel. Rusting does not happen due to chemical spills.
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