Anthrax is a rare but potentially fatal bacterial disease that occasionally infects humans. The Western obsession with cleanliness may be partly responsible for the increase in allergic asthma and conditions such as rhinitis.
Careful prescribing of antibiotics will minimise the emergence of antibiotic resistant strains of bacteria. Aspergillus is a fungus that commonly grows on rotting vegetation. It can cause asthma symptoms. The simplest form of prevention for lyssavirus is to avoid close contact with bats.
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Skip to main content. Home Infections. Actions for this page Listen Print. Summary Read the full fact sheet. On this page. Symptoms of rubella Complications of rubella Causes of rubella Diagnosis of rubella Treatment for rubella Immunisation against rubella Where to get help. Symptoms of rubella About half of rubella cases are so mild that there are no symptoms. Some of the signs and symptoms of rubella may include: mild fever headache runny nose sore eyes skin rash swollen lymph nodes joint pain.
Complications of rubella Rubella is a mild illness compared to measles and most people recover within about three days. Possible complications of rubella include: arthralgia — lingering joint pain that may take a month or more to get better otitis media — inflammation of the middle ear encephalitis — inflammation of the brain, which can be fatal in some cases.
Congenital rubella syndrome A pregnant woman can spread the rubella infection to her unborn baby. Birth defects associated with CRS include: deafness blindness heart defects intellectual disability impaired growth inflammation of various organs such as the brain, liver or lungs.
If you are pregnant and you suspect you may have been exposed to rubella, see your doctor. Causes of rubella Rubella is most commonly spread when someone ingests swallows or inhales the cough or sneeze droplets from an infected person. Medically reviewed by Debra Sullivan, Ph. What is German measles? What are the symptoms of German measles? What causes German measles? Who is at risk for German measles?
How does German measles affect pregnant women? How is German measles diagnosed? How is German measles treated? How can I prevent German Mmeasles? Read this next. Medically reviewed by Carissa Stephens, R.
Medically reviewed by Karen Gill, M. The Most Important Vaccines for Grandparents. Medically reviewed by Alan Carter, Pharm. Medically reviewed by Lindsay Slowiczek, PharmD. Mumps: Prevention, Symptoms, and Treatment. Medically reviewed by Debra Rose Wilson, Ph. Medically reviewed by Dena Westphalen, Pharm. Viral Heart Disease. Vaccine Schedule for Infants and Toddlers. Children who have rubella usually recover within 1 week, but adults may take longer. Rubella is contagious, and passes from person to person through tiny drops of fluid from the nose and throat through sneezing and coughing.
Someone also can get it by sharing food or drink with a person who's infected. People who have rubella are most contagious from 1 week before to 1 week after the rash appears. Someone who is infected but has no symptoms can still spread the virus. The virus also can pass through a pregnant woman's bloodstream to infect her unborn child. Babies born with congenital rubella syndrome are at risk for serious problems with their growth, thinking, heart and eyes, hearing, and liver, spleen , and bone marrow.
They also can shed the virus in their urine pee and fluid from their nose and throat for a year or more, so can pass the virus to people who aren't immunized against it. The rubella vaccine protects people from the disease. Widespread immunization is the key to preventing the spread of the virus and protecting babies from the serious health problems of congenital rubella syndrome.
Most rubella infections today are in young, non-immunized adults rather than in kids. Children usually get the vaccine at 12—15 months of age as part of the scheduled measles- mumps -rubella MMR immunization or measles-mumps-rubella-varicella vaccine MMRV.
If you've been exposed to the virus that causes rubella, you can help keep friends, family and co-workers safe by telling them about your diagnosis. If your child has rubella, let the school or child care provider know. Most people experience no side effects from the vaccine.
Some teens and adult women experience temporary joint pain or stiffness after receiving the vaccine. Fewer than 1 out of 1 million doses causes a serious allergic reaction. Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products. Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission. This content does not have an English version. This content does not have an Arabic version.
Overview Rubella Open pop-up dialog box Close. Rubella Rubella results in a fine, pink rash that appears on the face, the trunk shown in image , and then the arms and legs. Request an Appointment at Mayo Clinic. Share on: Facebook Twitter. Show references Bennett JE, et al. Rubella virus German measles. Elsevier; Accessed Feb. Cunningham FG, et al.
Infectious diseases. In: Williams Obstetrics.
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