New Word List Word List. Save This Word! See synonyms for innate on Thesaurus. We could talk until we're blue in the face about this quiz on words for the color "blue," but we think you should take the quiz and find out if you're a whiz at these colorful terms. Innate, inborn, congenital, hereditary describe qualities, characteristics, or possessions acquired before or at the time of birth. Congenital refers most often to characteristics acquired during fetal development, especially defects or undesirable conditions: a congenital deformity; congenital blindness.
Hereditary describes qualities or things passed on from ancestors, either through the genes or by social or legal means: Hemophilia is a hereditary condition; a hereditary title. Translator tool. What is the pronunciation of inborn? Browse inauspiciously. Test your vocabulary with our fun image quizzes.
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Free word lists and quizzes from Cambridge. Tools to create your own word lists and quizzes. We might guess that the rat pup will respond to indicators of environmental quality, and we might guess that the mother's behavior is a useful source of information on this topic, but not that the information resides in whether the mother arches her back during suckling.
Non-obvious parameters are typically overlooked in deprivation experiments designed to establish that a trait is innate, but are often revealed by positive efforts to understand how behaviour develops Gottlieb Natural selection does not select for mechanisms which buffer traits against variation in the environment unless variation of that kind regularly occurs in the environments in which the species lives.
In fact, any buffering mechanism which is not actively being used will tend to decay by mutation. One famous example is the inability of humans and their relatives to synthesise ascorbic acid vitamin C. The ascorbic acid synthesis pathway was disabled by mutation during the long period in which our fruit-eating ancestors had no chance of developing vitamin C deficiences Jukes and King It is part of folkbiology that some traits are expressions of the inner nature of animals and plants, whilst other traits result from the influence of the environment.
Echoing the traditional critique of the innateness concept in animal behaviour research, Griffiths and collaborators argue that folkbiology conflates the issues of whether a trait is typical of the species, whether it is part of the design of the species, and whether its development is insensitive to the environment.
Attempts to redefine innateness in a way that stresses just one of its many aspects and thus makes it a useful scientific construct have been and will continue to be stymied by the fact that the broad concept of innateness is part of our evolved psychological equipment. It may be that resolving the disputes between the many competing analyses of the innateness concept outlined in Section 4 will require taking these claims more seriously and looking in detail at how nativist researchers use the idea of innateness, perhaps through detailed case studies.
Philosophical scepticism about innateness draws on a longstanding tradition of scepticism in developmental psychobiology. Philosophical defenders of the distinction would benefit from looking at these cases, in which the distinction is purportedly inapplicable or unhelpful, in addition to the cases used by neo-nativists to exemplify the distinction.
One thing seems clear, which is that efforts to clarify the distinction in psychology by appeal to the underlying genetics have not been successful. Once again, this suggests that the distinction may be best understood via its actual use in psychological research. Innateness and heritability 3. Innateness and genetics 4. Recent philosophical analyses of the concept of innateness 4.
Lehrman summarised his position at a later date: Natural selection acts to select genomes that, in a normal developmental environment, will guide development into organisms with the relevant adaptive characteristics.
But the path of development from the zygote stage to the phenotypic adult is devious, and includes many developmental processes, including, in some cases, various aspects of experience. Lehrman , 36 Lehrman was particularly critical of the use of the deprivation experiment to infer that a certain trait is innate simpliciter , rather than merely that the factors controlled for in the experiment are not needed for the development of that trait.
Innateness and heritability Popular discussion of whether psychological and behavioural traits are innate is bedevilled by the conflation of this issue with whether psychological and behavioural traits are heritable. Figure 1. Figure 2. Purely additive interaction between genotype and environment In perhaps the most famous paper on this topic the geneticist Richard Lewontin argued that actual norms of reaction are likely to be non-additive Figure 3.
Figure 3. According to Ariew's characterization of innateness as canalization, these experiments show that the rat's ability to copulate is not innate: Distinguish between two reasons why the trait appears invariantly in an environmental range: the first, because an environmental condition is developmentally required yet is found everywhere the system develops; the second, because the system develops independently of the environmental condition.
Innateness should be identified with the second sort of invariance, not the first. Ariew , 10 The rat's ability to copulate depends on an environmental condition that is found everywhere the system develops and so, according to Ariew, it is not innate.
The habit of labeling behaviors in this fashion is so deep-rooted that we will probably never succeed in eradicating it. Marler, , 31 Other leading animal behaviour researchers see even this casual use of the distinction as pernicious.
Bibliography Ariew, A. Ariew, A. Hardcastle ed. Handbook of the Philosophy of Science , M. Matthen and C. Stevens eds. Bateson, P. Bateson ed. Martin Brigandt, I. Burkhardt, R. Carey, S. Spelke Carruthers, P. Laurence, et al. Chomsky, N. Syntactic Structures , The Hague: Morton. Cowie, F. What's Within? Deacon, T. Dunlap, K. Fuller, T. Sarkar, et al. Godfrey-Smith, P. Gottesman, I. Genetic Aspects of Intelligent Behavior. Handbook of Mental Deficiency , N.
Ellis ed. Gottlieb, G. Griffiths, P. Rehmann-Sutter and E. Neumann-Held eds. Sarkar and A. Plutynski eds. Gray Knight Machery Machery, and S. Linquist, forthcoming. Tabery Harlow, H. Hogben, L. London: George Allen and Unwin Ltd. Jukes, T. King Kaplan, J. Khalidi, M. Kitcher, P. Battling the undead: How and how not to resist genetic determinism.
Singh, K. Krimbas, D. Paul and J. Beatty eds. Kuo, Z. Lehrman, D. Lehrman ed. Freeman and Co: 17— Lewontin, R. Lorenz, K. Glosbe uses cookies to ensure you get the best experience.
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